首先石材的养护技术需要根据石材的种类来划分，石雕栏杆是石材的一个应用，我们生活中接触的石材主要是大理石和花岗岩，大理石的主要成分是碳酸钙，这种材质比较疏松、质地也较软，耐磨性和耐酸性以及耐候性比较差，所以养护比较困难；相比而言，花岗岩硬度和强度较高，有着比较好的耐磨性，光泽也容易保持，所以养护相对简单一些。对于这些石材的清洗一般都是化学清洗，所谓的化学清洗就是借助一些化学药剂或者化学合成材料，通过化学反应过程来清除石材表面上的一些污染和污迹。还有一种清洗方法是物理清洗，物理清洗是指使用一些物理方法来消除石材表面上的污染、污物和其它附着物，它通常是借助于一些专用设备和工具来进行的。

The first stone maintenance technology according to the types of stones to divide, stone is a stone railing application, contact our life in the stone is mainly marble and granite, marble is the main component of calcium carbonate, this material is relatively loose, texture is soft, abrasion resistance and acid resistance and weather resistance is relatively poor. So the maintenance is difficult; in contrast, granite has a high hardness and strength, good wear resistance, gloss is also easy to maintain, so the maintenance is relatively simple. The cleaning of these stones is usually chemical cleaning. The so-called chemical cleaning is to remove some pollution and stains on the surface of stones by chemical reaction or chemical synthesis. Another way of cleaning is physical cleaning. Physical cleaning means using some physical methods to eliminate pollution, dirt and other attachments on the surface of stones, which are usually carried out by means of some special equipment and tools.